Major Topics in Ancient Greek History

Bullying In Schools Essay - 1267 Words

Bullying in Schools Bullying is the act of using superior strength to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Bullying is in every school at every age level for variety of different reasons. A bully can be in many different forms and can be angry and looking for revenge for many different reasons, but two specific groups of people could work together to put an end to this abusive, hostile, and cruel thing that is bullying. These two different groups are the parents and the school officials. Parents and school officials should work hand-in-hand to deal with the problem of bullying in schools. Bullying has, unfortunately, been an increasing battle world-wide in all ages of schooling. According to Bullying†¦show more content†¦First, school officials are the people that are directly on the scene and the easiest to get to. Teachers have taught these students and know how they act; therefore, they are able to tell which students play each role out of the â€Å"circle of bullying†. According to the British Educational Research Journal, â€Å"Teachers have an important responsibility to ameliorate school bullying given its numerous negative correlates and consequences. In order to guide their prevention and intervention efforts, staff training has been incorporated into whole school anti-bullying interventions in Australia, England and around the world.† This shows that school officials receive professional training to learn how to effectively put an end to the person that is bullying. Knowing how to help the victim as a teacher and school official is the most important part. The teacher should learn his or her students in the class and know how to reach out to every student and strive to make each individual feel comfortable. Each student should understand that if they need someone to talk to they can come to any of the faculty members at the school and talk to the teachers about what has been said to him or her and if there was any physical interaction that needs to be brought to attention. Next, parents and guardians are the main factor in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bullying in School836 Words   |  4 Pagesof a gang. And so at the tender age of 14 he was already a part of the ‘Iggypura’. Good morning to you all. I want to tell you about bullying little children in school. Bullying can have a far worse outcome on the student than we could ever imagine. According to Time magazine, approximately 47% of sixth graders admitted to being bullied at least once in five school days. According to news 14 Carolina, victims being bullied may experience isolation and lower grades immediately and in the long runRead MoreEssay on Bullying in Schools737 Words   |  3 Pages Bullying in Schools ï‚ · Typically, bullying is thought of as aggressive behavior on the part of one child, directed toward another; however, playful tussling or normal childhood conflicts can be characterized the same way, resulting in mislabeling and misunderstanding of the problem. ï‚ · Bullying is â€Å"verbal or physical behavior designed to disturb someone less powerful† (Santrock 372)—â€Å"the most malicious and malevolent form of deviant behavior widely practiced in our schools† (TattumRead MoreBullying in Schools Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesBullying in Schools: Every second and minute of the day a kid is bullied. Bullying is something that is not only happening here in the U.S. but all over the world. We need to put a stop to! As parents, school educators, and a community we need to stand up to bullies and give kids who are being bullied an outlet to reach out for help. According to No Bully.com bullying is defined as a form of repeated aggression that is directed by one or more people towards another person. One of the biggestRead More Bullying in Schools Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesBullying in Schools Many people feel that some of the major issues that plague our schools are drug/alcohol use or violence, yet no one recognizes the significance of school bullying. For the victims of bullying, they go to school everyday facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. For all potential educators, it is very important to realize that bullying is a problem, so that they can work to prevent it in the future. Since being at Middle School, I have realized how prevalentRead MoreBullying in Schools Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is not something that can just be addressed inside one teachers classroom, it requires a comprehensive community effort to effectively stop bullying and the tolerance of bullying. Research shows only 4% of teachers intervene in a situation where a student is being bullied yet 50-75% of students with special needs are the main targets of bullying. These percentages do not add up. With more adult involvement and awareness of what to look for with st udents educators possess the power to notRead MoreEssay on Bullying in Schools2878 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Bullying has been a part of schooling for as long as children have been congregating. To some it seems like a natural, though uncomfortable, part of life and school experience, while to others it can mean terrifying experiences which spoiled and characterized otherwise happy years in school. Dan Olweus, a pioneer in bully behavior research documented that 2.7 million children are affected as victims, and that 2.1 children act as bullies (Fried, 1997, as cited in Aluedse, 2006). WithRead MoreEssay On Bullying In Schools1825 Words   |  8 PagesBullying is no laughing matter and the fact that some people do not take it seriously is really depressing. It’s a real-world issue that needs to be dealt with. According to Jeremy Side and Kelley Johnson (2014), â€Å"Bullying in schools is an issue which, in spite of a strong body of research literature, and government guidance designed to reduce bullying, continues to affect an estimated 50-80% of young people† (p. 217). Side and Johnson believe that people who seem most affected by the situation areRead MoreSchool Bullying Essay2854 Words   |  12 Pagesnot realize how serious bullying has become. If you look at statistics suicides due to bullying have increased over just a few short years. This has become a very big problem for not only the victim but the bully as well as it affect both of them. School bullying is mentally destructive to not only the victims, but bullies because of the harmful words, harassment, and physical violence involved as well as the consequences for the bully. The general definition of bullying is, â€Å"†¦ [This] states thatRead More Bullying and School Violence Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article title states exactly what the article talks about, the many different cases of bullying and violence in schools. The title tells you exactly what to expect from the abstract but does not give away any information on what it includes. The author did a good job deciding on the title because although it is simple, it grabs your attention, it certainly did mine. Bullying is a very common happening among young children so the title having the word bully in it, draws your attention. ItRead MoreEssay about Bullying in Schools961 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in Schools Elementary school marks the period whereby children begin to define themselves. Children build identities in which they can be distinguished. As children develop personalities begin to clash. Children may begin to taunt their peers because they appear different. The act of bullying demonstrates the use of superior strength or influence to intimidate someone. Schools seem to be the predominant outlet where the most severe bullying gives way to a change in the behavior of the

Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities Free Essays

All men are created equally. Having disabilities does not constitute having different rights. But this is not usually the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article entitled, Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities, the experiences in school of students with disabilities is tackled and what positive actions could and should be done in order to provide these teens the rightful treatment they deserve. The theme of the article is to emphasize the importance of equality and unity despite the differences in capabilities. It is an article that should be highly considered by students with disabilities, teachers and school counselors involved in programs for the well-being of all students, and other students who have direct encounter with fellow schoolmates that have disabilities. Students with disabilities often face discrimination and challenges because of the biasness people have towards them. As a result, they could easily internalize negative attitudes, affecting their behavior towards other people. The article educates people, especially teachers and counselors, to help by creating programs that would encourage people to help in providing a positive environment for students with disabilities to participate in. The article does not state that special treatments are what students with disabilities need. What is more important is that they are given equal chances and the right amount of respect they deserve. Bullying and other forms of negative biasness should be eradicated from the school system in order for the disabled students to grow well in a fair and just community. The article agrees with the Scripture as it highlights giving equal opportunities and respect for all people, no matter what background they may have. The ministry should also help encourage school administrators to intervene and promote positive school experiences for the disabled. Programs that emphasize on respect, equality, and understanding should dominate the school rules. How to cite Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities, Papers

Ineffective Communication In Health Profession †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ineffective Communication In Health Profession. Answer: Introduction Ineffective communication in the health sector can create several medical error and patient impairment. This is the main reason in this concern research to understand the communication process in the health sector. As reported from the NCBI 70 percent of the wrong treatments of the major cases are happening due to the miscommunication or the ineffective communication process with doctors and patients (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017). Patient care and security of the patient is depending on the effective communication of health care. Health communication is the important set of formation that every hospital and nursing section has followed. In the sensitive care situation, communication failures guide to enhance in patient impairment, a span of continue, and reserve exercise, as well as more concentrated care giving dissatisfaction and provide the excess turnover cases. Overview of the event Primary health care (PHC) is the most suitable healthcare promotion that depends on the increasing need for health promotion of the patients. In this scenario, public health care is relying on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The foundation inspires the health literacy cases and contributes to the empowerment of people health. The intention of this study was to increase a better consideration of health communication for health encouragement in PHC with importance on the implications for a designed ICT supported health control (Arnold Boggs, 2015). The event also analyzes the increasing need of the promotional health section and that incorporate the communication technology as public health method. An environmental health approach is needed to understand the patient participatory and provide better health communication for the patient (Masters, 2015). Critical empowerment in health also ensures the proper communication between physician and patients. Rationale The issue is important as the communication process is the only way to access the proper reasoning of the medical health. Patient health is the concern issue for the doctors and if they communicate with the patients then logical thinking over the disease will come more frequently. This is the issue as the entire population of the country will depend on the medical system and their service and these processes can only take as a liability if the effective communication has proceeded. There are several positive outcomes that can be possible by the collaborative communication which mitigates the risk factor of the patients. The communication may be as a team formation or an individual. However, the collaborative form has made the better result as well as more positive outcomes. The issue is more relevant in this context as the health care situation is the most complicated situation and unpredictable one. Thus special care on this situation needed to be implemented for the completing scenario of the framework. Barriers of communication Communication process improves the health and safety quality and provides extra effort for collaboration of the clinical staffs to understand the necessity of the process. Communication may be entitled within inter-professional collaboration and that has created a strong barrier in between them (Moorhead et al. 2013). Even though doctors and nurses interrelate frequent times, they regularly have different observations of their roles and errands as to patient requirements, and thus diverse goals for patient care (Schiavo, 2013). This is the right way of interaction as professional communication regarding the patient can analyze the disease and make a possible outcome in quick time. Culture barrier is another state of challenges that may come in specific cases (Riley, 2015). Patient facial expression, voice tone, head nodding is the only way to understand their feeling and emotion about the situation. Different communication styles in the workplace identify the particular style, worth, and anticipation that needed in the common term that might be stated as the barrier for the employees in the health profession (Berwick, Nolan Whittington, 2017). Benefits of communication Understanding the need of the patient and provide the guideline according to the situation is the best benefit that communication process can have in the health section. The structured communication process is the best clinical practice that has provided enhance of teamwork and implement the strategic tool for the development of the communication process (Swerling, Thorson Zerfass, 2014). Clinical practice guidelines are needed to be set for the changing professional judgment and influence the good behavior so that it can reflect the teamwork and Individual reflection as well. Operational directedness and determine of the disease is the most important feature that communication option that has done in the health sectors (Smarandache Vladutescu, 2014). The enhancement of the teamwork and reduce the risk factors are the benefits of the communication process. The process also provides the boost for the decision-making situation and effective strategy outcomes. Communication theory Communication theory is the transmission of information that people has given to another one and that will provide an outline of their need. The theory may be implemented over the people and machines as well. The interaction may be analyzed in a different way and the verbal communication is one of such ways where the communication model can be implemented for the betterment of the organization. In the health sector, the importance of communications and theory is important to determine the seriousness of the patients (Stickley, Gosling Fox, 2017). Making a relationship with both the interactive person is another way to making an effective communication. In such cases, the influence of the model and their theory can be implemented over the process that also helps in the health care sections. In this given scenario Gibbs Reflective cycle of combination has taken. In this communication process outline of six defensive behaviors is the concerning factor of the interpersonal communication . The reflective cycle will evaluate all the stage that every situation has dealt in. At first Description, the situation has come where I have to analyze the situation place an immediate result of that situation (Potter, 2015). In a concerning case of a United State hospital, my uncle has admitted a year ago. At first, he had taken care of the Medical Intensive care situation. A board of physician had handled the case as this is a special case of heart blockage and transplantation. Doctors were talking the decision that a transplant program would be done after the two days of the monitoring process and to understand that how the medicines are working. The next situation analyzes the feeling of both parties. The doctors were quite confident about the operation as all the doctors were communicating with each other and they had enough faith to finalize the operation. However, there was certain fear comes in mind of the patient regarding his life or survival as he also knew that this is one of the major operations that was hoping to process. This feeling about the patient care and the feeling of the survival was the concern meeting over the case and the feeling is imposed over the situation Evaluating or examining the condition of the patient is the third aspect of Gibbs as well. My uncle had to give all the regarding tests to evaluate his physical situation. He had to go through the acute treatment of plantation as this was the unique challenge for the doctors so patient wellness and the fit body was the most important thing that needed by the physicians. That is the reason my uncle had to stay two days before the operation had done. There are certain innovative ideas that need to implement over the situation for the betterment of the behavioral control and the situation maintenances. This is the expected result that examined the body and waited for the solution in the cultural and behavioral terms. At the end of all the evaluation, the processing of conclusion had been affected. In this situation, supportive orientation was needed for the better understanding of the situation. All the results are coming out in this process and this defensive behavior can change the better culture and better idea for the commencement (Mick, Foley Lin, 2014). As communication process is already existed in between the doctors thus they have an internal meeting over the operation and finally they had made their mind to operate my uncle. In the Action plan, doctors are ready with their operating procedure. As the communication process was going on thus a mutual understanding of the progression of the heart transplantation has already been made and that action plan has taken by the evaluation and the conclusion result of those tests. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that communication practice is important for any organization and health sectors are not an exception at all. Health sections are the only reliable place where people have put their trust and belief thus their effective communication can survive a patient life. In case of delivering the Gibbs' cycle to reflect the analysis over the self-expression is an incident of the health sector to analyze the important for the Gibbs' cycle procedure and the importance of the communication. References Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., Whittington, J. (2017). The triple aim: care, health, and cost.Health affairs. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (2017) Professional Communication and Team Collaboration Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2637/ [Accessed on 7th October 2017] Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Mick, P., Foley, D. M., Lin, F. R. (2014). Hearing loss is associated with poorer ratings of patient-physician communication and healthcare quality.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(11), 2207. Moorhead, S. A., Hazlett, D. E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J. K., Irwin, A., Hoving, C. (2013). A new dimension of health care: systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication.Journal of medical Internet research,15(4). Potter, C. (2015). Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs Reflective Cycle and Scharmers Theory U.Industrial and Commercial Training,47(6), 336-342. Riley, J. B. (2015).Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Schiavo, R. (2013).Health communication: From theory to practice. John Wiley Sons. Smarandache, F., Vladutescu, S. (2014). Towards a Practical Communication Intervention.Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala,46, 243. Stickley, T., Gosling, J., Fox, C. (2017). Communication and interpersonal skills 2: emotional engagement.Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing: An Essential Guide for Nursing and HealthcareManagement Students. Swerling, J., Thorson, K., Zerfass, A. (2014). The role and status of communication practice in the USA and Europe.Journal of Communication Management,18(1), 2-15.

Ways of gaining power in the workplace

Introduction Every person works towards becoming a leader so that one can acquire the power and influence that come along with the position. In the workplace, there is usually a lot of competition on who gets which position.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of gaining power in the workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the reason why employees work towards impressing their superiors so that they can get an opportunity to be promoted from the level they are in to a higher rank, which comes with more duties as well as more power. Power is defined as the ability of a person to compel others to change their actions in order to conform to what the person wants (Houser, 2004). Types of power There are a number of ways, through which a person can gain power at the workplace. Power gained using forceful means is considered as coercive power. This includes using intimidating and threatening actions to impo se a person’s will on other people. One can also gain power through their ability to be in charge of all the means of production at the workplace. This kind of power puts one in a capacity to make all decisions pertaining to the activities taking place at work (Jex, 2008). There is also the genuine power, which one gains because they are considered experts in their area of work. Such a position means that a person has a lot of authority both at their workplace and in the eyes of the society. These are the kind of people in power, who make it possible for others to gain some amount of power through associations. This is what is known as referent power. People with referent power attract people because they are deemed similar to those they associate with. The final type of power is what is considered as informational power. This kind is based on a person giving relevant information, in trying to influence other people, accompanied by an argument that makes sense (Raven, 2011). Ways of gaining power in the workplace The first step in gaining power is ensuring that I treat everyone I work with the same way I would like to be treated. Power works well when those you are trying to influence find one approachable, easy to get along with and understanding. I respect other employees who work under my supervision, just as they respect me. In this way, I am able to influence my employees to follow a certain way of completing a specific task without having to use any type of coercion or force because we all respect and understand each other in the same way.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I have quite a lot of experience in my line of work and this is what has enabled me to acquire a high level of power. My fellow workmates recognize this fact and that is the reason they come to me for advice on how to handle an issue that may arise at the workplace. This i s because they know that I will assist in coming up with a solution that is workable and effective. I have never used the basis of my wealth as a means of acquiring power at the workplace. I consider myself a people-oriented leader because I always consider the people who work under my authority before I embark on making a decision that affects them. I believe I am this position of power that I have earned through my own hard work and determination. References Houser, R. M. (2004). Gaining power and control through diversity and group affiliation. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Jex, T. W. (2008). Organizational psychology: a scientist-practitioner approach. New Jersey: John Willey and Sons. Raven, P. 2011. â€Å"Bases of Social Power- French Raven†. Value Based Management. Retrieved from http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_french_raven_bases_social_power.html This essay on Ways of gaining power in the workplace was written and submitted by user Myah Padilla to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Make Your Laptop More Ergonomic

How to Make Your Laptop More Ergonomic Laptop computers are wonderful pieces of technology. They allow you to take immense computing power with you where ever you go. Unfortunately, certain ergonomic features are compromised for the sake of portability. Posture, keyboard spacing, screen size and positioning, and pointing devices usually take the biggest ergonomic hit. Even though laptops are designed for portability, many people use them as a desktop computer. Despite the poor ergonomics inherent in most laptops, certain steps can be taken to create a sound ergonomic laptop setup as a desktop. Whether its the main computer or a temporary setup, you can improve your ergonomics. The Main Ergonomic Issues With Laptops Keyboard spacing - laptop keyboards are often compact with odd placement of some keys and cramped spacing of others. Hand cramps and repetitive stress injuries are more of a concern on compact keyboards. Preventing wrist repetitive stress injuries becomes even more of a priority.Monitor size - laptop screens are often smaller than desktop monitors. Small screens can cause more eye strain than larger ones. Preventing eye strain becomes even more of a priority as well.Monitor placement - the relation of the keyboard to monitor on a laptop is fixed. A proper ergonomic monitor setup has the monitor and keyboard at different levels and spaced far apart. This placement causes bad posture with either arms and hands held high or the neck and back bent low. Both of which can cause some serious problems and pain.Small pointers - laptops usually have an integrated pointing device such as a touchpad or dot. These devices are adequate for the task, but not very comfortable or easy to use for long periods of time. Wrist related repetitive stress injuries pop up here as well. General Ergonomic Tips Make your laptop setup as close to the desktop ergonomic computer station setup as possible.Keep the wrists in the most natural wrist position that you can achieve.Rotate the screen so that bending of the neck is minimized.Tuck the chin into rotate the head instead of bending the neck. The Best Ergonomic Laptop Solution Use a laptop docking station. These devices let you plug in your laptop to a base station that has a monitor, keyboard, and mouse already connected. You basically have a desktop setup with a removable computer that just happens to have a keyboard and screen attached. Laptop Docking Stations Compare Prices The Next Best Ergonomic Laptop Solution If a docking station is out of your budget or otherwise impractical do the next best thing. Have a separate keyboard and mouse at the desk. This lets you place the laptop at the correct monitor position and have a comfortable keyboard and mouse at their proper locations. The Makeshift Ergonomic Solution If you can not get a separate keyboard and mouse, or you are in a temporary location there is still plenty you can do to improve your laptop ergonomic setup. Run through a quick task analysis to determine what the main thing you will be doing is. If it is reading, then set the laptop up in a proper ergonomic monitor position. If it is typing, then set the laptop up in a proper ergonomic keyboard position. If it is a mix, then set the laptop up in a proper ergonomic keyboard setup. The large muscles of the back and neck can take more stress than the arms and wrists so the bending of the neck to read the screen is the lesser of two ergonomic evils. If you have to place the laptop on a desktop, and thereby be higher than a good keyboard height, try changing planes. Elevate the rear of the laptop so that the keyboard is inclined. Then lean back in your chair so that your arms are now in line with the keyboard. Final Word on Laptop Ergonomics Laptops do not make good ergonomic desktops. They are not even that ergonomically sound on your lap. But that is not why you have one. Still, with a little diligence and a few accessories you can make your laptop work for you as a desktop.

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge Essay

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge is the basis of success - Essay Example Knowledge makes a person perfect. Some people believe that the need of education is only to grab a job. The above perception is a wrong one. Education helps a person immensely in leading a successful life in many ways. Huge expenses of college education are the major reason for the drop outs of students from American colleges. Because of the dipping of American economy, financial problems are evident in most of the families. Americans usually spend more than what they earn and they do not have the habit of saving much for the future. Whenever they are in need of money, they approached the financial institutions in America for loans and before the recession problems; they found no hurdle in getting the loans sanctioned from the banks. For meeting the expenses of college education, many of the American students used the aid from financial institutions. However, because of recession, American financial institutions now tightened the norms and hence the college students are not getting e nough financial aids from these institutions. Considering the importance of college education, American government should give enough funds to all who admitted in the colleges In family or society, only the educated people are well respected. The society will hear and respect the words of the educated people better than that of other’s. Only the educated person will be capable of meeting and solving the life challenges more effectively. College education will provide an opportunity to get good jobs which is necessary for securing the future life. Though the aim of college education is not limited to getting good jobs alone, it can certainly help people lead a life as a good citizen of the country. Completion of Pre secondary education was considered as a decent educational level around 50 or 75 years ago because of the limited knowledge base. But the advancements in every field of life especially in science and technology have made it almost impossible to survive without coll ege education. Entry into a good professional organization is not an easy task in the present century. In order to prepare a person for an entry level in an organization, the minimum qualification required is graduation. The organizations may give the person formal training in the required areas to develop skills, once he is appointed. But just to apply for a post in a reputed organization the person must have a graduation. â€Å"In recent years, researchers in Africa, Asia and elsewhere have found that people in non-Western cultures often have ideas about intelligence that differ fundamentally from those that have shaped Western intelligence tests†(Benson). Intelligence is believed to be a culture dependent entity. In other words, the nature of intelligence in American culture and Asian culture are entirely different. Because of this difference in nature of intelligence, it is difficult to assess the intelligence of a culturally diverse community with the help of a standardi zed test. Americans had an illusion earlier that the nature of their intelligence is far more superior to that of others. However, Americans now realized that their assumptions were only illusions and there are many cases in which people from other cultures dominate over the Americans. For example, the recent recession has caused major problems to American economy whereas Asian countries like India, china etc escaped from recession without much problems. Many of the CEOs of American companies are of foreign origin now. Indra Nui, the CEO of PepsiCo is one best example. The current American president is from a black origin and the current Governor of Louisiana, Bobby Jindal is a person of Indian origin. Moreover, in many of the reputed science and research agencies like NASA, people of foreign

Set350 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Set350 - Research Paper Example The combustion of the fuel produces a force that steers the machine, but this was not attained overnight. It was attained after continuous research and experimentations by various scientists. This paper explores the evolution of the diesel engine from 1893 to 1900. Rudolph started the development of the diesel engine in 1992 after filing and acquiring a patent in Germany believing that an engine that automatically ignites would have lower risk of fire, long service life, and move long distances using low amounts of fuel (1, par 1). Through various experimentations, Rudolph’s efforts bore fruits in 1893 when he, for the first time, produced a model that operated at 26% efficiency an efficiency which was twice that of steam engines that were in use (4, par 1). Rudolph continued improving his model and in February 1897, he ran a practical diesel engine which he exhibited at a Fair in Paris in the same year (1, par 2; 2, par 2). Apparently, this model, which operated at a whopping efficiency of 75%, portrayed Rudolph’s idea and vision as it was primarily powered by the original biodiesel, peanut oil (1, par 1). However, he hoped to improve the usability and competitiveness of the engine by developing mechanisms that would allow the u se of biomass fuel as this will also make it affordable to farmers, industries as well as the common folk (1, par 2; 4, par 3). In 1899, Rudolph licensed Krupp and Sulzer who immediately became major manufacturers of the engine (2, par 3). Apparently, previous engines had huge fuel injection propels that made them heavy and unfavorable for shipping (4, par 2). Thus, the new small and light diesel engine benefited submarines with various submarines being built in 1910, 1912, and 1913. Due to his political ideas that confronted those of the German government, Rudolph is thought to have been

The adherence of men with CHD to the medical regimen Research Paper

The adherence of men with CHD to the medical regimen - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that evaluating organizational culture and its readiness often takes a multi-dimensional approach as displayed by the results discussed hereafter. Basically, the investigation focused on not only looking into organizational culture but also going a step further and evaluating barriers that could possibly impede implementation of projects. These included commitment of nursing staff, physicians, and the administration to Evidence Based Practice (EBP). Additionally, evaluated is the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EBP and skills scored, alongside the extent to which staff nurses have proficient computer skills. Interestingly, the scores rated from mid-range to high. Such scores are important in implementations aimed at integrating clinical inquiry into initiatives aimed at achieving organizational efficiency. It is important to mention that clinical inquiry requires a sequential and sophisticated approach and hence the findings of the study a re critical to successful implementation. Physician commitments to EBP score and the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EPB and skills scored were relatively high. This does not fall short of expectations given that physicians receive more specialized training and the same can be said about nurses with strong EBP and skills. Administration commitment to EBP indirectly impacts on EBP, which makes organizational culture and efficiency very crucial to successful implementation of EBP.... These included commitment of nursing staff, physicians, and the administration to Evidence Based Practice (EBP). Additionally, evaluated is the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EBP and skills scored, alongside the extent to which staff nurses have proficient computer skills. Interestingly, the scores rated from mid-range to high. Such scores are important in implementations aimed at integrating clinical inquiry into initiatives aimed at achieving organizational efficiency. It is important to mention that clinical inquiry requires a sequential and sophisticated approach and hence the findings of the study are critical to successful implementation. Physician commitments to EBP score and the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EPB and skills scored were relatively high. This does not fall short of expectations given that physicians receive more specialized training and the same can be said about nurses with strong EBP and skills. Administration com mitment to EBP indirectly impacts on EBP, which makes organizational culture and efficiency very crucial to successful implementation of EBP (White, 2010). The score recorded is relatively high (4) although not maximal. This can be attributed to training and adequate commitment towards implementation of the same. Similarly, nursing staff commitment to EBP and the extent to which staff nurses bear proficiency in computer skills scored relatively low at 3. This can mainly be linked to nurse’s attitude towards implementation of the same as well as their disinterest in gaining computer skills training. Therefore, improvement in this area tops the list of approaches that can help in incorporation of clinical inquiry into day-to-day

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Conditional Fee Arrangements Law Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Conditional Fee Arrangements Law Essay UK legal aid system has undergone tremendous changes and reforms ever since its introduction in 1949. Its purpose of the act was to provide legal advice for those of slender means and resource, so that no one will be financially unable to prosecute a trust and reasonable claim or defend a legal right and to allow solicitors and counsel to be remunerated.  [1]  Due to its popularity, legal aid expenditure imposed a heavy burden on the government. In solving this problem, the UK legal aid system undergone various reforms. Conditional Fee Arrangement (hereafter CFA) was a result of one of these reforms after half a decade when legal aid act created. Ever since its introduction in 1990, CFA has been a controversial topic among legal educators. In determining the success of the CFA system, it cannot be easily determined purely by its utility rate, but ethics issue must also looked into. The numerous pros and cons of the scheme opened the door for criticism and professor to criticize. The history of legal aid dates back to 1949. After Second World War, it was recognized that equality of access and the right to representation before the law was fundamental to a just society. Hence, the Rushcliffe Committee made a number of recommendations that led to the establishment of the first legal aid scheme by the Legal Aid and Legal Advice Act 1949. The purpose of the legal aid scheme, as Lord Steyn once said is a principle of our law that every citizen has a right of unimpeded access to a court.  [2]  Generally, the legal aid scheme was a success. It achieved its purpose in ensuring that the public obtains access to justice. However, from the view of the State, the scheme was imposing heavy burden on the government. It is worth to point out that legal aid funding is placed very low in the political agenda as generally it does not favor anyone as compared to medical and education funding. As a result, Lord Irvine suggested capping a ceiling on legal aid funding. Since c apping the budget for criminal legal aid is against human rights, the only choice will be to first cover all cost in Criminal legal aid and civil legal aid will be funded by the leftovers.  [3]  In view of this, Lord XXX introduced CFA in the Court and Legal Services Act in 1990. The CLSA Act provided a statutory basis for parties to litigation to enter into CFA for a limited number of proceedings. Not until the Conditional Fee Arrangement in 1995 that it was released to different types of proceedings including personal injury, bankruptcy, insolvency and human rights cases. In 1998, subsidiary legislation has greatly widened the range of proceedings where CFA are permissible to cover most of the civil cases except for those specified in the CLSA act, which are mostly related to crime and family legislation. Today, majority of personal injury cases are funded by CFA under the amendment of Access to Justice Act 1999. CFA is an alternative to legal aid. It enables those without the necessary resources or with risk averse tendencies to take forward claims for compensation. It is an agreement whereby a lawyer and a client can agree to share the risk of the litigation by coming to a financial arrangement on the fee payable based on the outcome of the litigation. In the event of losing, the client will not be liable to pay any fee to their lawyer, but if the case is won, normal cost are payable. Although the client is required to pay the fee when winning the case, but it may be recoverable in full or in part from the losing party. Unlike Contingency Fee Arrangement, which is common in USA, CFA does not allow solicitor to claim a percentage of the winning. Instead, lawyers are allowed to charge the usual rate plus uplift if the case is successful. Conditional fee arrangements developed as a result of the proposed reduction in public funding for civil litigation and the fear that the abolition of legal aid would reduce access to justice for many. Access to justice is when people do need help, there are effective solutions that are proportionate to the issues at stake. In some circumstances, this will involve going to court; but in others, that will not be necessary. Someone charged with a criminal offence should have access to proper legal advice and representation, when the interests of justice require it. But in civil matters, for most people, most of the time, going to court is, and should be, the last resort. It is in no-ones interest to create a litigious society. People must make responsible choices about whether a case is worth pursuing; whether to proceed by negotiation, court action, or in some other way; and how far to take a relatively minor issue. This is one of the major advantages, which is also the purpose, of CFA and the legal aid system. A conditional fee agreement is therefore a very useful method of funding litigation as in many cases the prospective litigant may not have the financial resources to fund the case and may not qualify for legal aid. It is particularly important in personal injury cases as these claims cannot be funded by legal aid and as such many litigants would not have had legal redress owing to the lack of funding. Given the high cost of litigation in Hong Kong, those in the middle-income group whose means are above the limits set down by the Legal Aid Scheme and the Supplementary Legal Aid Scheme would have difficulty financing litigation. The second advantages of CFA is that it could reduce the cost of legal aid funding and that it could refocus legal aid by removing cases which can be financed in some other way and promoting access to justice for the need by directing the aid budget to priority areas. This will allow the Government ultimately to concentrate publicly funded support on legal services towards helping people secure their basic rights such as a decent home, appropriate social security benefits and challenging officialdom through judicial review, and towards assisting cases that raise issues of wider public interest. The present system does not allow the Government to do this. It allows no assessment of the importance of classes of cases or any way of targeting help towards priority needs. The government simply pays for the amount and type of legal services that lawyers wish to provide. The reduction of legal aid fund of removing all personal injury cases to CFA was significant. The third advantage of CFA is that weak cases will be weeded out. frivolous claim Because the solicitor is taking the risk of the charge, they will for sure assess the chance of success of each case before they accept it. This way, all weak cases will be weeded out. Also, under the CFA scheme, litigant are required to disclose to the other party. Disclosure of a CFA to the other party may encourage earlier settlement because the other partys cost exposure will increase in line with the level of the success fee. Although there are significant contribution, CFA also brings up lots of problems. . Traditionally, solicitors were restricted to change on a conditional or contingent basis. They have been restricted by case law, statutes and practice rules. The two main common law principles related to this are Maintenance and Champerty. Maintenance is where someone who is not a party to the action and has no interest in it, funds or otherwise supports one of the litigants. Such an agreement was generally held by the courts to be void for reasons of public policy and was also grounds for making an order for cost against a non-party funder. In entering CFA, lawyers may tend to put their duty to the court second to their desire to secure a win to guarantee fee, which may lead to suborning evidence, coaching witness, failing to give discovery of documents. This restricted the ability of solicitors to act either contingently and conditionally as they risked significant cost liability. A CFA gives the lawyer a financial interest in the litigation and he therefore takes control of the st rategy and resolution of the litigation. As Lord Denning once mentioned, in Re Trepca Mines Ltd. (No.2) 1963 CA, if legal advisors had a personal interest in the outcome of litigation they might be tempted to influence the damages, to suppress evidence or even to suborn witness Champerty is an aspect of maintenance where the third party not only supports a litigant but also takes a share of the damages awarded, e.g. contingent fee arrangement and success fee. Champerty has been held to be contrary to public policy and thus champerty agreement is void. Last but not least, Claimants may not be able to find a solicitor whos willing to take risk. Even if the case is strong, some solicitors may demand an unreasonably high chance of success to take the case. The decision in Calley v Gray and Halloran V Delaney have made solicitors less willing to take on the risk of CSA when success have been pegged at 20%. Further confusion has occurred after later decision of Sanwar V Alan and Designers Guild v Russell Williams, where the court allowed a claim of 100% success fee and justified it with the recognition that solicitor has taken a substantial risk in entering into CFA.

The Evolution and Duties of Teaching :: essays research papers fc

The Evolution and Duties of Teaching   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people think that the only thing you need to do to be a teacher is to teach children. There are plenty of other tasks that follow. In the year of 1829, Samuel R. Hall in his Lectures on School Keeping maintained that many of the deplorable conditions in schools that were due to poor teaching, even going so far as to quote from a writer in the Journal of Education who claimed that â€Å"every person who is conscious of his imbecility in other business, esteems himself fully competent to train the ignorance and weakness of infancy, into all the virtue and power and wisdom of maturer years.† Hall started the first normal school to prepare teachers at Concord, Vt. in 1823. On July 3, 1839 the first state supported normal school started in Lexington, Mass. Training was progressed very slowly before 1850. During the next 100 Years the teacher education progressed rapidly. By 1890, there were 204 state, city, and private normal schools. Courses for teachers were offered in 114 colleges and universities. In 1950, there were 1,093 institutions preparing teachers; 432 were public, and 661 were private. In 1900 there were 172 public normal schools in the United States. Elementary teachers are also known as primary school teachers. They teach children from Kindergarten to sixth grade. Teachers introduce things like numbers, language, science, and social studies. They also teach the children how to develop into confident healthy young children. Teachers work real close with parents to help the children develop their full potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elementary school teachers often teach a wide variety of subjects. Some teachers specialize in a couple of subjects and teach many different classes. They are very busy at all times. The stand in front of the students and teach. When they are not in the front of the classroom teaching they are putting together lesson plans for the upcoming days and correcting papers. Other parts of their job includes figuring out interesting and innovative ways to approach educational topics including; lectures, group discussions, hands-on activities, computer research, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teachers pass on academic subjects certain values and morals. Teachers watch children’s social skills and try to resolve any problems they see. They are also looking for accidents, signs of illness or any learning problems. They also look for any abuse areas that the child might face at home or any other place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teachers meet with other teachers to discuss things and to do

E-business †Selling shoes in United States Essay

Online shop attracts certain class of customers thus any company operating in goods and services on online shop must have a strategy of implementing their online shop. The designing of the website must be considered a critical factor of success of online shops. There fore, the company should acquire a variety of brand of shoes which attracts a specific class of customers that is the customers who are busy with extra disposable income to expand. They should also expand their product base which gives a customer a wide variety of shoes. An online store should reduce their costs by outsourcing labor from Asia and Africa to keep their products affordable to many. The company in online shop should enter into strategic alliances with other companies who have other products so that the online shop will be made use of apart from men shoe. Women shoes and make – ups should be part of the shop to ensure that the site becomes popular to many. They should also include advertisements of other popular products to ensure the differentiation strategy works well. To implement the online shop is one of the best project t be implemented and this project will require the consent of the management. Competitive edge The most established competitors of online shop for shoes for men are companies which have stores where people walk in and out. Big stores like Walmart and Home Deport have stores selling shoes becoming competitors. However, an online shop for shoes will have a competitive edge over the other companies because their products will be sold online to all busy members of the society now that the majority of Americans have online or are intending to have online services into their homes. The company operating physical stores have achieved their goals and what they are doing now is competing for the existing market but a market for online shoppers is not yet developed thus the company with such a service will have a high competitive edge to other companies. The future looks bright for a company marketing and selling products online and most companies are selling to satisfy their customers through the introduction of online shops and their focus is now to offer unique and high quality shoes to busy members of the society in online shop. This will maintain customers and they will be there for many years to come. Marketing strategy When selling shoes online in the United States a number of factors are considered. Among the factors consider are who are the potential customers, what promotional strategies and the pricing strategies used. If you consider those facts, marketing of shoes in the United States online will be easier. The potential customers for online shop of men shoes in the united states is urban retired pensioners and young business executives who does not have time to do shopping for themselves and for their sons and grandsons. This category own internets broadband in their houses and whenever they need a product, they will browse an online shop, put their credit number and carry out the transaction. They will expect you to deliver the products to their offices or houses. They range from the age of twenty to the age of ninety and this market is expected to grow as more people are becoming wealthier and busy as compared to the past years. Men naturally tend to be busy and they are pushed into making purchases of shoes by their wives and women and online shop will be a great benefit to them. Women will be another target for selling of shoes of men online in the United States because ladies will wish to make purchases for their husbands or man friends. The market for this type of shopping is increasing and it’s becoming greater than it is expected. Selling shoes online will provide affordable and high quality shoes to busy men in the society who have no time to go out to do shopping for shoes. The online shop will provide a guide and inform men of the variety of shoes available in the main company’s store. This will increase the marketing strategy of the company. The aim of the shop will be to provide high quality and affordable shoes to the busy members of the community. An online shop will position the company to the point of offering high quality shoes which can be ordered form where one is situated. It will also act as a promotional centre for the company since the products of the company will be displayed on online. The customers will be informed of the variety without using any other media in advertising. This will help the company in product differentiation which is essential to positioning. This means the products sold online are positioned and they stand apart from competitive products offered by other companies. This combination of product differentiation and competitive offerings through online gives the company important attributes. The company website and online shop will be based in the United States ensuring that the products are marketed far worldwide but based in the United States. Pricing strategy Selling shoes online in the United States especially men’s shoes is one of the best method of selling products in the United States. The pricing strategy of shoes normally varies from plant to plant and is usually set to merge the prices of competitors. This is normally because most competitors operate in the same environment without any competitor having a competitive edge against others. It is essential that better quality plants of shoes to have the same price as competitors. However, price setting is aimed at ensuring profitability of the firm in business. The cost of purchase, distribution and maintenance of the website should be taken care of when setting the prices of shoes online. The price indicated should show the value of the shoes and the delivery amount. This is because the firm in business includes capital requirement and associated gains that covers the expenses of the organization. Always the profit is considered when setting price which is equals to the price net cost while capital gains is equivalent to the current assets and fixed asset running costs. In choosing the target market for shoes online, it is important before setting up online shop. Online shopping attracts some class of customers. Take for example most city and environ dwellers as compared to people in rural and interior areas where broadband have not reached. Statistics in the united states indicate that almost 50% of households in the united states have broadband in their houses meaning before any shopping is done, customers will check the online store to see the price, compare the value of money paid and time wasted to go to the store to buy one. If the value is higher, then the customer will enter a purchase agreement with an online shop. In the United States, there is an increase of aging population with an extra disposable income who does not have time to go out to do shopping. They will rather do online shopping paying an extra fee for delivery of goods and services. Therefore, the pricing strategy in the sales of shoes online should consider the cost of delivery and the capital gains of the company Sales strategy Online shop will sell their products through online transactions where the customers enquires about the product real time. If the product is in store, the customer is requested his credit card number, then the transaction is completed upon the supply of the credit card number. The goods are then organized for dispatch to the customers’ office. Again the company will operate a walk in walk out store where members of the public will patronize the store for the purpose of purchasing goods and taking them away. The online store will target geographical areas which are easily accessible by the transport system that will deliver goods to the customers. Sales will be offered at prices affordable to many within a geographical area. The markets will be segmented for the purpose of the sales team to know which area one is found for the purpose of setting the prices. Sales forecast Being the new product in the market, the company will carry out aggressive marketing which will increase the sales on a continuous or constant trend. At the beginning, the company estimates to make annual sales of 15 million. Thereafter, the sales will increase at the rate of 10% which will eventually consist of 2% of the market for men shoes. This ambitious plan will be possible through controlled and aggressive sales and marketing plan keeping in touch with the company’s objectives. The company’s objective could be updated on annual basis so as to ensure that the projected sales are adjusted accordingly. Our sales team will carry out survey to determine the current satisfaction and future needs of our customers. As regards to sales, a trend in sales is analyzed with professionals to ascertain the likelihood in changing the sales forecasted.

French Adverbs ~ Les Adverbes

French Adverbs ~ Les Adverbes An adverb, one of the eight parts of speech, is an invariable word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs provide information about the words they modify, such as when, where, how, how often, or to what degree something is done. See the list of some common French adverbs at the end of this lesson. Word Order with Adverbs In English, adverb placement can be arbitrary: some adverbs may be found in front of or after the verb, or even at the beginning or end of the sentence. This is not often the case in French, which has much stricter rules about placement. The following rules apply to the majority of situations, but there are exceptions. For detailed information, see my lesson on the placement of French adverbs.1. When a French adverb modifies a verb, it is placed after the conjugated verb. Nous avons bien mang. We ate well. Je regarde souvent la tl le soir. I often watch TV in the evening. Often, I watch TV in the evening. I watch TV in the evening often.   Ã‚  2. When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it is placed in front of the word it is modifying. Je suis profondment mu. I am deeply moved. Nous avons trs bien mang. We ate very well. Common French Adverbs Nearly every French word that ends in -ment is an adverb, and its English equivalent almost always ends in -ly: gà ©nà ©ralement - generally. For more information, please see adverbs of manner. Here are some of the most common French adverbs: French English Type of adverb actuellement currently adverb of time assez quite, fairly adverb of quantity aujourdhui today adverb of time aussi as comparative adverb beaucoup a lot adverb of quantity bien well adverb of manner bientt soon adverb of time dj already adverb of time demain tomorrow adverb of time enfin finally adverb of time ensuite next, then adverb of time heureusement fortunately adverb of manner hier yesterday adverb of time ici here adverb of place l there adverb of place l-bas over there adverb of place longtemps for a long time adverb of time maintenant now adverb of time mal poorly adverb of manner moins less comparative adverb parfois sometimes adverb of frequency partout everywhere adverb of place peu few, little adverb of quantity plus more, ___-er comparative adverb quelque part somewhere adverb of place rarement rarely adverb of frequency souvent often adverb of frequency tard late adverb of time tt early adverb of time toujours always adverb of frequency trs very adverb of quantity trop too much adverb of quantity vite quickly adverb of manner

Writing introductions and endings to grab attention and leave an impression

Writing introductions and endings to grab attention and leave an impression Writing intros and endings We remember firsts and lasts much more than we remember in betweens. Most people can remember their first day at school, or what they had for dinner last night, for example. Thats why introductions and conclusions are perhaps the two most critical parts of any document. Unfortunately, theyre also often the weakest. Most people have no idea how to write an introduction that grabs the readers attention. And even more people neglect to write a conclusion altogether. But there are four basic types of intro and ending that you can use for most documents. Here are two of them. Getting started Many people follow the misguided advice to start somewhere in the middle and write the introduction last. But getting your introduction right doesnt just attract the reader, it also helps your document flow as you write. So begin writing your introduction first. One of the most effective types of introduction is the historical beginning. This type of introduction contrasts what used to happen last year/century or whenever with whats happening now, and creates a real sense of movement in your readers mind. For example: Ten years ago, the marketing budget was 3 million a year. Now that figure has almost tripled. Now youve got your readers attention, theyll almost certainly be eager to know why the budget has increased so much. Start telling them, and theyre hooked. Closure The conclusion is your opportunity to leave a lasting impression and keep what youve written in the readers mind. One good way to do this is to look forward, or predict the future. For example: The annual report shows that growth has been steady, but sales still need to improve for the upturn to continue. You can find out more about effective intros and endings on an Emphasis in-company or public course. Or you can email to ask us about how we can help your organisation. Back to High-impact business writing course.

Using Ownership Incentives in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Using Ownership Incentives in China - Case Study Example roach, the CEO is well placed in motivating the workers to be responsible and work hard considering that their own success is determined by the company’s success. Additionally, the use of this approach is important in demonstrating to the employees that the company values all stakeholders in it equally, and gives similar treatment to all its employees. As observed in the historical practices in China, however, there could be numerous challenges in implementing this considering that the workforce in China could possibly perceive such approaches by the CEO as forcing the American operational culture onto them, while overlooking the native population’s values. Another way of exporting the ownership culture to the Chinese population could involve sticking with the limiting stock ownership to the initial American team. By doing this, the CEO would be expected to formulate a different ownership culture and payment for the China-based team. However, this practice could prove challenging, especially if some of the staff in China could wish to have stock ownership in the company (Beyster and Economy 24). It could also be practical if the CEO exported the culture of ownership to China by creation of different structures of equity based on the different regions of operation. For instance, the ownership culture operations in China could be executed using different optimized methods of payment that are dependent on the region of operation and the taxation policy involved. Exporting the ownership culture to the Chinese employees could also be accomplished by sending expatriates from the US to China for the purpose of introducing the system, as well as offering the required training to the Chinese staff. The use of this approach could, however, experience culture shock for the foreign employees due to their lack of knowledge of the business traditions of the Chinese community. Ben Freed’s decision to offer the Chinese team similar company ownership as the Silicon Valley

REPORT ON LUTHERANS RELIGIOUS FIELD RESEARCH Essay

REPORT ON LUTHERANS RELIGIOUS FIELD RESEARCH - Essay Example There are many misunderstandings concerning religion in general. The beliefs and practices of Islam have been misconnected and people have posed various misunderstandings on what they believe in about Islam (Waines, 1995). There is much flawed information that floats around concerning the faith of Islam: I personally had a misconception that Muslims worship a black stone or moon god; that Islam looks down upon women; that Muslims are terrorists among other misconceptions. However, the paper seeks to analyze how my prior misconceptions have changed following the truth and alterations of the conceptions through encounter. The paper hence aims to bust the misunderstood myths and expose the truth about Islam. The first misconception is that Muslims worship a moon god; some of the non Muslims have mistakenly believed that Allah is a moon god or some idol. After a wide consultation and encounter, this has been altered. Allah is the name of One True God, in the language of Arabic. The Musli ms have a fundamental belief that there is only one God, the Sustainer, the Creator; known in Arabic as Allah. This hence means that Muslims do not worship a moon god, but God the Almighty. Another misconception is that Muslims do not believe in Jesus; the life and teachings of Christ Jesus is documented in the stories of Qur’an. ... out Islam is that majority of Muslims are Arabs; although Islam has been mainly associated with Arabs, they only make up 15% of the population of Muslims in the whole world. The country with the most number of Muslim populations is Indonesia. The large numbers of Muslims are found in Asia followed by Africa, then Europe (Hodgson, 1974). Before my encounter with the truth about Islam, I also had the misconception that Islam oppress women, however, most of the mistreatment that is received by women in the world of Muslim is based on traditions and culture, without any foundations in the faith of Islam. Practically, forces such as spousal abuse, forced marriage, and restricted movement contradict directly the laws of Islam that govern personal freedom and family behavior. The misconception that women have no rights in Muslim world is untrue. The images of women who wear a veil covering them, and that women are not allowed to drive, are common in Islam. This is not Muslim law even though many Muslim countries implement such harsh treatments against women. Many of such countries demonstrate differences in culture that are against Islam teachings. It should hence be noted that in the pre-Islam period, Arabia women were only used for fornication with no independence. In fact the birth of female beings was considered humiliating. The practice of infanticide of female was uncontrolled. It is a fact also that a Muslim woman is permitted to accept and reject any suitor as well as seek divorce. Hence, there is nothing in the Islam law that forbids women from driving and house. It is also considered a sin if a woman refuses to seek knowledge (Hitti, 1970). I also had a misconception that Muslims are extremists and violent terrorists. Terrorism is, at all, not justifies under any

Job Analysis; Descriptions and Specifications Case Study

Job Analysis; Descriptions and Specifications - Case Study Example Job analysis can be conducted using qualitative tools such as interviews with existing clients or quantitative tools such as surveys or comparison to similar job roles in the competitive job market at other companies. Once parameters of the skills and knowledge needed to perform a job have been identified, it becomes easier for HR professionals to determine new pay categories that are competitive or directly in-line with job role function. New performance appraisals can also be developed to help human resources track performance of the employee in this job to determine whether goals are being met based on research findings. The entire process can be research intensive, however it helps leadership understand each job role and have a form of documentation available that helps the business identify with strengths or weaknesses of the job or how to better allocate resources if redundancies between job roles are identified. After conducting research, the skills, knowledge and abilities needed to successfully perform the job are documented. This could include educational credentials or the mental and physical needs of the job, depending on the environment and the complexity of the role. For example, research might indicate that typing speed of at least 60 words per minute is required to manage multi-tasking activities in the job, therefore the new job description will indicate that interviewers should be looking for people with high manual dexterity and speed. Either through observation, interviews or other measurement tools, the description is designed to best fit what has been discovered about the skills needed to accomplish the job tasks successfully. Pay grades are then determined based on what has been identified related to skills and the job role. Job analysis would also determine whether performance goals are being met properly based on research

Capital Justification Purchase Essay Example for Free

Capital Justification Purchase Essay This assignment requires justification to the vice president for approval to purchase a major piece of equipment for use in the radiology department of the hospital. My main objective is to provide valuable information to justify the cost as well as provide critical data that substantiates the ROI. Additionally, the report will have detailed information outlining the benefits that will assist in the decision making process and address all concerns and questions relating to the purchase. Lastly, the report will include how beneficial and profitable the technology will be for the hospital. The radiology department is in need of a MRI machine to better provide safer and reliable results for detecting breast cancer. I have done extensive research on the several different types of technological devices and believe that I have come up with the best model. In considering the Siemens’s MAGNETOM Espree-Pink the following six major categories to follow were taken into account to help substantiate the purchase:† 1) available alternative; available resources; cost data; benefit data; prior performance, and risk projection.† (Cleverely, et al, 2011, pg. 426). Based upon the research conducted, I believe that this model will improve the quality of patient care, help streamline breast exams and detect the disease with greater confidence. Research shows that MRI’s can be helpful in breast care, especially in high-risk women. The MAGNETOM Espree –Pink offers a unique design and has demonstrated that no other system comes close to offering patient comfort. This state of the art equipment will take us into the future with the latest technological advances. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink combines an open-bore design with the Sentinelle breast coil for Siemens which offers exceptional breast imagining and biopsy capabilities. And, the future is built in, for instance should our needs change over time, we have the option to upgrade the system to a MAGNETOM Espree whole-body scanner –with all the latest advanced applications and renowned technology. This will allow us the capabilities of having the ability to detect cancer in  other ar eas of the body. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink offers the following: Pink Comfort, Pink Workflow and Pink Applications. Pink Comfort can greatly reduce errors due to patient movement, resulting in better image quality. â€Å"The open-bore design offers an exclusive 70 cm inner diameter, providing exceptional comfort. It enables patients to feel more at ease, particularly claustrophobic or obese patients. Pink Workflow provides a dedicated multimodality Workplace that offers standard MRI evaluation, it enhances breast reading and reporting, and it is coupled with syngo BreVis, a computer-aided tool for real-time breast analysis. It is easy-to-use, fast, and reliable. Pink Applications allows for faster imaging, excellent clinical detail, shorter exams – all part of the dedicated solution for breast care. With its optimized applications, MAGNETOM Espree-Pink enables you to see more, by improving accuracy and showing more details. These applications enable truly comprehensive breast care, helping to improve diagnostic confidence as well as patient care.† (www.siemens.com/espree-pink) Financial Considerations In the acquiring of the MAGNETOM Espree-Pink there are some financial aspects to be considered. The manufacture’s price of the equipment is listed at $1.5 million and listed are a couple of options that could provide for this capital expenditure. We would like to look at available alternatives to acquiring this equipment: purchasing or leasing. The cost benefits of leasing include the ability to lease for a short period of time with less expense and the ability to upgrade the equipment as technology changes. For example, with a five-year lease of $150,000 per year, we will pay $750,000 over the life of lease. The immediate rate of return may be greater which may reduce the expense of the equipment. For example: The assumption is that the charge per usage is $2000 and numbers are based on number of patients seen per year.# of Patients Cost of Equipment Lease per year Operations Cost Per Incidence Total Expense Profit 750 $150,000 $500 $525,000 $975,000 1000 $150,000 $500 $650,000 $1.35 million 1250 $150,000 $500 $775,000 $1.725 million The cost benefit of purchasing the equipment is that it would be owned outright by the hospital. The ROI may be seen within the first three years. This can be done by purchasing directly or by financing the purchase. We now have to consider the fixed cost of the purchase price per year and its depreciation and interest. Our operation cost per incidence will now remain the same as leasing the equipment. Our number of patients is assumed to be the same as our option for leasing along with our procedure charge of $2000. # of Patients Cost of Equipment Purchase Operations Cost Per Incidence Total Expense Profit 750 $315,000 $500 $690,000 $810,000 1000 $315,000 $500 $815,000 $1.185 million 1250 $315,000 $500 $940,000 $1.560 million In conclusion, the technological advances of MAGNETOM Espree-Pink can provide numerous benefit to the radiology department by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses, facilitating earlier and more accurate treatment predicating breast cancer and generating additional revenue. The initial cost of purchasing or leasing will be a great expense to the hospital, but the ROI will outweigh the initial cost over a five year period. I believe that the MAGNETOM Espree-Pink will meet the critical needs of the hospital and our community in which we serve. References Cleverley, William, O., Cleverley, James, O., Song, Paula, H. (2011). Essentials of health care finance – 7th ed. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink (http://usa.healthcare.siemens.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging/0- 35-to-1-5tmri-scanner/magnetom-espree-pink)

Effects of Maternal Neuroticism and Parent Stress

Effects of Maternal Neuroticism and Parent Stress The Influence of Maternal Neuroticism, Parenting Stress and Parental Practices on Children Anxiety and Emotional Dysregulation Introduction Child behavior problems in early childhood have significant research attention especially in development psychology in recent years. However, it is not found meaningful research explaining how behavior problems are affected by parental personality, parental stress and also child rearing practices. Creech (2009) argued that parenting only mediates the relationship between negative live events and child behavior problems. Belsky’s (1984) model is explained the determinants of parenting include parent and child characteristics, as well as parental stress and social support. According to his model; parental personality affects parents’s social relationship, work experiences and marital relations. These three factors is also important to explain parenting practices. However, personality is most important factor to affect parenting and also child rearing practices. It changes other social-contextual factors and forces that influence parenting. It is also stated parental stress and social support affect parenting and child behaviors. Moreover, he declared parental stress negatively affects parenting and child behaviors. The study will examine how maternal neuroticism personality and parental stress are related to children’s behaviors. Parenting practices will be contributor to explain how parental factors influence children social anxiety, emotional dysregulation and internalizing problems. The current study has several purposes. First, the study will examine how life event stress and parental personality affect children’s behavior problems. Secondly, childrearing practice will be investigated as a mediator to explain the effects on children’s behavior problems in the light of emotional dysregulation. Role of Maternal Neuroticism Personality and Maternal Stress Personality has been defined by a number of broad levels. H.J. Eysenck (1967) and Eysenck (1985) have proposed three factors of personality, included as extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. Maternal personality is important role to maintain children’s negative or positive reactivity to novelty. One of them personality aspect is neuroticism can influence children behavioral inhibition. Eysenck is defined neuroticism as Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) emphasized that neuroticism reflects a proneness to psychological distress, unrealistic ideas, excessive cravings or urges, maladaptive coping responses, insecure, and vulnerable orientation to life. Morever; Costa and McCrae (1989) identify the â€Å"Big Five† traits which utilizes maternal personality and children’s behavior problems in most of research. Neuroticism is one of these five traits. It refers to how a person deals with stress and negative emotions. Ellenbogen Hodgins (2004) stated maternal neuroticism correlates to especially social withdrawal and internalizing behavior problems. Kurdek (2003) found that maternal neuroticism is related to child behavior problems. Moreover, It has been suggested that maternal neuroticism is associated with child inhibition (Belsky Barends, 2002). Metsà ¤pelto Pulkkinen (2003) are declared that parental personality is conduced to the development of parenting styles. Crnic Low (2002) are stated that maternal stress points out poorer outcomes in both the child and maternal parent fields. Researches indicate that parenting stress has seen as a risk factor for higher levels of child disruptive behavior problems (Barry, Dunlap, Cotten, Lockman, Wells, 2005; Podolski Nigg, 2001; Qi Kaiser, 2003) and maladaptive parenting practices (Calkins, Hungerford, Dedmon, 2004; Kazdin Whitley, 2003). Morgan, Robinson Aldrigde (2002) are stated that children externalizing problems and parenting stress is association with each other. Creech (2009) examined maternal characteristics, parenting behaviors, and child behavior problems in 27 mothers and their 2-year-old children. It is not found the relationships between maternal parental stress and child behavior problems, parenting behavior or childrearing attitudes. Additionally, mother’s neuroticism is not significantly related to any of the behavior problems. On the other hand, it was found that maternal neuroticism is related to traditional childrearing attitudes. It is know that increased parenting stress has been influenced on children disruptive behaviors problems (Barry, Dunlap, Cotten, Lockman, Wells, 2005; Podolski Nigg, 2001; Qi Kaiser, 2003) as well as maladaptive parenting practices (Calkins, Hungerford, Dedmon, 2004; see Kazdin Whitley, 2003). Williford, Calkins, and Keane (2007) are emphasized that stability of parenting stress was subjected to child externalizing problems and emotion regulation. Koshanska, Clark Goldman (1997) found that the construct of maternal â€Å"negative emotionally† was related to more child behavior problems and defiance. Creecha (2006) was found that higher maternal neuroticism was related more traditional childrearing attitudes. Crnic Low (2002) stated that children externalizing problems is seen as the result of parenting stress, but the directionality relationship is unclear. Fewer studies give little information about what shapes parenting stress and children outcomes. This current study will investigate how maternal neuroticism personality and continues stress are related to children’s behavior problems. Parenting rearing practices will be examined as a mediator of these behaviors. Although researches identifying parenting stress and personality affect child rearing practices, how these factors affects children outcomes is still unclear. Fewer studies have focused on understanding which factors influence on children emotional dysregulation, social withdrawal and also externalizing problems in terms of parenting stress and personality. Especially, in this domain, we chose to focus on neuroticism personality trait conceptually linked with the child behavior. Guided by the extant literature, we also focus maternal continues stress factor on neuroticism and also negative childrearing practices to explain how these maternal factors affect child behaviors with childrearing practices. We speculated that mothers who are more anxious may be more unlikely to exhibit warm and response parenting, like as rejected their children. Moreover, these children who rejected by their parents and they can show behavior problems in their development. Childrearing Practices It is know that personality is a part of parenting to play important role. It also reflects personality characteristics (Belsky, 1984; Kochanska, Clark, Goldman, 1997). Belsky’s model (1984) is defined three principal social-contextual social-contextual determinants of parenting. These are the parent’s personality and other personal psychological resources, the child’s individual characteristics, and contextual stresses and supports. Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) stated that personality is the most important between in these three factors because it affects parenting directly, alters other causal factors and also influence parenting. Indeed, Belsky (1984) asserted that parenting practices are largely a statement of a parent’s personality in childrearing. Guided by the extant literature, it is known that maternal personality, especially neuroticism is correlated with intrusiveness, irritability, criticism, negative discipline, hostility, and power assertion (Clark et al., 2000; Kashdan et al., 2004; Kochanska, Aksan, Nichols, 2003; Kochanska et al., 1997; Metsa ¨pelto Pulkkinen, 2003; Woodruff-Borden, Morrow, Bourland, Cambron, 2002). Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) are stated that personality has both theoretical and practical significance for understanding, predicting, and changing parenting cognitions and practices. Rothbart Bates (1998) explain that parent- child relationships and stressful live events influence children’s social and and psychological development We expected neurotic mothers to feel less authorized and less contented with their child rearing practices during maternity. Moreover, even though it is known that there is relationship between parental practices with child outcomes (Bugental Grusec, 2006), we have little information how it can be explained maternal personality and childrearing practice with stress factor. In the current study, we examined whether maternal personality and maternal continues stress factors moderated the relations between childrearing practices and children’s outcomes in childhood. Moreover, we expected parental personality to influence childrearing practices and childrearing practices are also affected by maternal stress factor. Finally, the role of child behavior problems in associations between maternal personality and parenting with stress factor was explained this current research. Child’s Emotional Dsyregulation and Behavior Problems Thompson (1994) defined as emotion regulation ‘‘the extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions, especially their intensive and temporal features, to accomplish one’s goals’’ (pp. 27-28) Lack of emotional regulation abilities or emotional dysregulation has a key role to affect internalizing and externalizing problems in child development (Cicchetti et al. 1995; Southam-Gerow and Kendall 2002; Suveg and Zeman 2004). It is known that children’s emotional dysregulation is mostly shaped by their social environments, especially family context (Thompson and Meyer 2007). Maccoby (1992), Reiss Price (1996), (Rothbart Bates, 1998) were stated that parenting and child characteristic explain the development of adjustment problems. Several studies have shown that child behaviors and characteristics predict parenting, especially negative parenting behaviors (Ge et al., 1996; Lytton, 1990; Caspi Moffit, 1995; Dumas Wekerle, 1995;). Moreover, it is known that temperament characteristics predict parenting behaviors. Guided by the extant literature, researches stated that infant and toddler period in child development negative affect or difficulty predicts maternal behaviors, such as conflict interactions, responsiveness and control (Bates, Pettit, Dodge, 1995; Braungart-Rieker, Garwood, Stifter, 1997; Campbell, 1979; Crockenberg Acredolo, 1983; Linn Horowitz, 1983; Maccoby, Snow, Jacklin, 1984; Malatesta, Grigoryev, Lamb, Albin, Culver, 1986; Van den Boom, 1989;). Kochanska et al. (2004) reported that child temperament predicted maternal behavior; however, in their study maternal personality factors predicted parenting after controlling for child temperament. Thus, if child effects are important to understanding maternal behavior, maternal personality predicts maternal parenting separately. To begin with, we hypothesized that maternal neuroticism personality would be associated with multiple indices of child behavior problems. Drawing upon previous research in this area, firstly we expected maternal neuroticism to be associated with maternal continues stress, and then relation with childrearing practices and also child temperament traits correlation with child behavior problems (e.g., internalizing and externalizing behavior and aggression behavior). Methods Participant Procedures and Measures Maternal Personality. Mothers filled in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, Eysenck and Eysenck, 1975). at child age 4. Inventory consists of 100 questions measuring extents of personality. The EPQ has three dimensions which are Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N) and Lie (L). Because of current research aim; only Neuroticism (N) subscale was examined. Parenting Practices. Each mother completed the Child-Rearing Practices Report Q-Sort (CRPR; Block, 1981) at child age 4. The CRPR includes 91 items which are describing childrearing attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors, written on individual cards. Child-Rearing Practices Report Q-Sort (CRPR; Block, 1981) has seven subscales which are indexes of acceptance, rejection, encouragement of achievement, encouragement of independence, punishment orientation, protection and concern were formed based both on previously published research (e.g., Block, 1981; Lin Fu, 1990). For this study it was analyzed on rejected subscales under our hypothesis. Maternal Stress. Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) (Miller Rahe, 1997) was completed by mothers when their children age 2 and 4. It is a 72 item measure of life-changes knowledge during a particular period of time. It has five subscales which was describing health, work, home and family, personal and social and financial. RLCQ was adapted from the Social Readjustment Scale which is created by created by Holmes and Rahe (1967) known as Life Change Units (LCU). It was applied to each item are related to the number of days usually needed to adjust to the new situation. All scores are totaled and computed as a stress factor in the recent life. Child Temperament. Child temperament was assessed with the Colorado Child Temperament Inventory (CCTI, Buss Plomin, 1984). Of particular interest were CCTI subscales of shyness (7 items, a = .87, e.g., ‘‘My child hovers near where other children are playing, without joining in†) and previously established procedures (e.g., Rubin et al., 1995), the emotionality and soothability (reversed) scales were combined to create an aggregate measure of child emotional dysregulation which were analyzed in this study. Children Outcomes. A parent report of child behaviors problems were obtained using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach 1991). Mothers completed and rated each item on a 3-point scale (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true or sometimes true, 2 = very true or often true). The CBCL is a 109-item measure composed of several subscales including withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, internalizing, externalizing, and other problems. In this research, it was used aggressive behavior, internalizing and externalizing problems and withdrawal subscales for analyzing children outcomes. Results 3.1. Preliminary analyses 3.2. Intercorrelations among study variables Correlations between all study variables are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Correlations among study variables * p

A Comparison of Aneas of Aeneid and Turnus of Iliad :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Aneas of Aeneid and Turnus of Iliad      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The subtlety in the differences between Aneas and Turnus, reflect the subtlety in the differences between the Aeneid and the Iliad.   Although both characters are devout and noble,   Aneas does not possess the ardent passion of Turnus.   Unlike Turnus, Aneas is able to place his beliefs in the fated establishment of Latium before his personal interests. Although Turnus is not a bad person, the gods favor Aneas in their schemes.   The roles of Aneas and Turnus are reversed as the Aeneid progresses.   The erasure of Aneas' free will accounts for his triumph and success.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time and time again, Aneas' courage, loyalty, and will are tested in the Aeneid. Through seemingly endless journeys by sea, through love left to wither, and through war and death, Aneas exhibits his anchored principals and his unwavering character.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Of arms I sing and the hero, destiny's exile...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who in the grip of immortal powers was pounded   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By land and sea to sate the implacable hatred   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Juno; who suffered bitterly in his battles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As he strove for the site of his city, and safe harboring   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For his Gods in Latium" (Virgil 7).    As a slave to the gods and their plans, Aneas assimilates his mind and sacrifices his life to the establishment of Latium.   As the greatest of all warriors, Aneas displays his superb strength and his leadership capabilities, by guiding the Trojans to victory over the latins and establishing Latium.   The selflessness of Aneas and his devotion to the Gods, enables him to leap over and break through any obstacles that obstruct his destiny.   Patterned after Homer's Hector, Virgil's Turnus is also a courageous and devout hero. As the most handsome of Rutilians, Turnus' nobility reflects his physical appearance; he is a god-fearing, libation-bearing soldier. Turnus was greatly admired and respected by his subjects: "by far the fairest (of Italian men) /   Was Turnus, favored both in his noble forbears /   And by the queen who advanced his claims with eager devotion" (Virgil 147).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unlike Turnus, Aneas is able to place his beliefs in Rome before his own interests; that is the defining characteristic of Aneas' heroism. Leaving Dido, the beautiful and passionate Carthaginian Queen, was

Providing a Method to Learning

The universal conceptualisation of love is a subject of many a poet and writer throughout history. As such, each is relevant to their specific periods and their specific value systems. This can be seen in the text; â€Å"Sonnets from the Portuguese† by Elizabeth Barret Browning, where Browning explores a Romantic vision of love and romance through the abandonment of the Petrachan sonnet from. Likewise, the text â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, explores the turmoils of love in the 1920’s; a world obsessed with materialism and hedonism.Thus through the ways in which each author produces a narrative relevant to the values and contexts of their particular contemporaries we are able to discern how the theme of the transformative power of love and spirituality continues to be avid topics of literature today. In Sonnet 1, Browning conveys the Romantic idea of love and spirituality against the prudish rationalism of the Victorian era. Her Greco-allusion â €Å"How Theocractes had sung†¦Ã¢â‚¬  references the 3rd century BC Greek pastoral poet – mourning the lost ‘art’ of renaissance passion.The aural metaphor reflects how poetry as â€Å"a craft,† had been lost – the past tense reinforcing that love as spiritual and not materialistic is neglected by Victorian culture. This is echoed in the lines: â€Å"of the sweet years, the dear and wished for years†, in which Browning utilizes assonance to accentuate the repetition of â€Å"years†; rhymed in the line, â€Å"through my tears† to emphasize the Victorian’s shifting focus of love to a convention of marriage that relies upon dowries and status.The enjambment, â€Å"who by turns had flung / A shadow across me† is a metaphor illustrating her isolation and sadness in this context – the literal shadow cast by Browning â€Å"across† her is a simulacrum of Victorian conservatism. Her subversion of the pet rachan form is evident as the Volta is linked and the Iambic pentameter has been broken; conveying the challenge expressed by Browning toward the rationality of the Victorian mindset and her embrace of the Romantic idealism of love and spirituality, as Browning has progressed from a solipsistic interest in grief and isolation to an affirmation of love, firmly grounded in reality.In contrast F Scott Fitzgerald reflects the roaring 20’s distillation of love into pragmatism and materialism, forsaking traditional romanticisms such as spirituality and hope. Juxtaposed against the Victorian suppression of passion, the wildly liberalized and sexually expressive twenties are expressed by Fitzgerald to be detrimental to the development of love. â€Å"Chatter†¦ laughter†¦ innuendo†¦meetings between women who never knew each others names,† in which Nick’s observations become anecdotes of accepted social behaviour.Exemplars such as â€Å"Jordan was going to yield him up her person sooner or later† illustrates the same loss of the universal language of love that Browning laments for the Victorian, as hyper-sexualisation of relationships erode spiritual values of love. This awkward inability to understand love for its own sake can be observed in Nick’s indecisive tone â€Å"I wasn’t actually in love but I felt a sort of tender curiosity,† and his mechanical metaphor of his own emotions and passions, â€Å"But I am†¦ full of interior rules that acts as breaks.† The contextual idea that love and hope are no longer associated with romantic relations is lastly compounded in his admission that â€Å"I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known. † Illustration that even stripped of pretence and lust, he is unable to interpret love as anything other than hedonism. Browning reflects her strict Victorian patriarchal context through her exploration of the transformative power of love. Sonne t 14 is a subversion of the petrachan sonnets; conveying her assertive role in marriage.â€Å"For these things in themselves, beloved, may/ be changed, or change†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here the persona challenges the petrachan tradition, which confronts the traditional conventions of Victorian women through the repetitive â€Å"I love her for her smile†¦her look†¦her way of speaking gently †, mocking gender expectations of womanly behaviour. The repetitive juxtaposition in â€Å"changed, or change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and the anadiplosis in â€Å"love so wrought /May be unwrought so†, highlights how easily love may come undone when it is based on transient qualities – by literally attaching prefixes to devotional connotations. The imperative tone ofcommand delivered in â€Å"neither love me for thine own pity wiping my cheeks dry. † This paradox of â€Å"neither† suggests her rejection of the feminine role of women. Her dismissal of the ephemeral attr actions of the physical is not only a rejection of Victorian female stereotypes, but also a statement to the transformative power of true love. In comparison to Browning, F Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby explores the lack of the transformative power of love in prohibition America and the need for society to adopt moral values. The â€Å"Jazz Age’ see women as sexual beings and mainstreamed the idea that repression was self-destructive.This sexual liberation is personified in Jordan Baker; whose androgyny and lifestyle is summed up by her symbolic name as two automobiles. She is a dichotomy of the 20s, the freedom and destruction afforded by a period of rapid industrialization. Jordan is the antithesis to Browning, whose deliberate vocabulary seeks happiness within a restrictive setting – she is instead careless, selfish, and immoral. Nick describes her self-serving pragmatism â€Å"too wise to carry well forgotten dreams from age to age†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This indicates a lack of hope and spirituality in her philosophy of life, which is emphasized through the repetitive â€Å"age†.The foreboding tone created through the assonance in â€Å"turned abruptly away and ran up the porch stairs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  illustrates her selfishness towards a Nick who cannot satisfy her own need for careless happiness. Thus Jordan embodies the egocentric love feared by Browning – a love lacking all transformative power and instead focuses solely on self-pleasure. Thus through the analysis of poetic and narrative techniques we are able to see how both author’s are engaged by and through the worlds in which their narrative is produced as a result of their context and values.